Factors that influence disease

Hemophilia
Case

A 24-year-old white man has a diagnosis of hemophilia at the age of about 5 to 6 years. He has recently visited the hematology clinic for the follow-up after hospitalization for an accidental knife cut that caused excessive bleeding. The patient has a history of excessive bleeding from tooth extraction, excessive bruising since childhood and the upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the past three years. He has reported chronic pain of his joints and ankles and denied hemarthroses. The patient has given reports about the episodes of excessive bleeding treatment by use of factor VIII and fresh frozen plasma (Remor, 2013).

The patient has the FVIII deficiency (hemophilia A) which is a common type of hemophilia that affects about 5, 000 males at births. The disease approximately affects about 25, 000 people in the United States. Individuals with hemophilia suffer from deficiencies in clotting factor. The mild hemophilia bleedings problems do mainly occur after surgery, trauma and injury. The condition can accompany some symptoms. Almost 25% of the population with hemophilia has the mild deficiency. Those with moderate hemophilia experience bleeding episodes after minor injuries and may lead to spontaneous episodes of bleeding. The server hemophilia happens after trauma, injury and surgery. It has the spontaneous bleeding into muscles and joints characteristics. Recurrent bleeding of the joints also known as hemarthrosis causes hemophilic arthropathy that causes disability at a very young age (Department of Genetics 2015).

Causes

Hemophilia is a disease happening as a result of gene mutation, and it is a genetic disease. About 70% of hemophilia cases are inheritable from parents. However, the other 30% of patients do not have the family history. In such cases, the main cause of the condition is by a spontaneous gene mutation during the fertilization stage. Hemophilia is also a condition that is linked to sex since the FIX and FVIII geneses are found on the X chromosome. It is the chromosome X that determines the gender of the baby. Thus, the condition’s clinical manifestation has a link to sex. Therefore, females may not express the bleeding symptom like the males (McPhee, & Hammer, 2012).

Pathophysiology
The main source of factor VIII (FVIII) production is thought to be from the reticuloendothelial and the liver system. Transplantation of the liver can correct FVIII deficiency to persons with hemophilia. It is because of the increasing cases of individuals with mild hemophilia having progressive liver diseases. Thus, it is an indication that the liver is the main site for FVIII synthesis (Cayir, Yavuzer, and Sayli, 2014).

The RNA messenger for FVIII is also detectable in spleen and liver among other issues. Studies indicate that the production of FVIII in cells lines that are transferable show that after synthesis the FVIII shifts to the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. It is then within other protection that functions in regulating secretion. It particularly regulates the immunoglobulin binding protein in which it has to dissociate in a process that depends on energy. The FVIII’s signal peptide cleavage, as well as oligosaccharides, also takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum. The calnexin, chaperone proteins, and calreticulin, enhance both FVIII degradation and secretion. Regarding genes, the location of the FVIII (F8C) is at the X chromosome arm at Xq28 region. This gene becomes large comprising of 25 intones and 26 exons. A mature FVIII will have about 2332 amino acids. FVIII deficiency is as a result of gene inversion that causes disrupt to the FVIII gene. The disruptions are insertions, point mutations, and deletions. The low levels of FVIII happen as results of external FVIII gene defects (Huether, &McCance, 2012).

Legal and Ethical Issues on Assisted Suicide

Committing suicide do happen in different scenarios whereby one can voluntarily decide to take a way life without the knowledge of the relatives. On the other hand, some seek advice and support on how to take away their life. This controversial has got the attention of law such that some states have established rules and regulations to govern the action of assisted suicide. In basic legal regulations, it is necessary to understand the role played by involved party played in committing the suicide. It has been taken as illegal in a handful of states for physician-assisted suicide whereby over 30 states have taken the step of enacting the statutes of prohibiting assisted suicide. They have well arguably prohibited assisted suicide through the common law.

According to the U.S. Supreme Court, there is no an actual constitutional right to die. This saw the court leaving for individual state to enact its legislation of permitting or prohibiting physician assisted suicide. The fact is that a person will be guilty of taking part in a suicide attempt when the individual knowingly causes or helps the person to attempt the suicide. However, through the Death with Dignity Act, ill adults have the option of seeking for lethal doses from osteopathic physicians for them to have a peaceful ending of life.

Besides the assisted suicide having some support and eligibility from some states, there are some legal issues that arise over the practice. The fact is that the roles played by legislators, judges and administrative officials in influence the patient care do vary. The legal issue that will raise the eyebrows is that if assisted suicide is made legal, then the follow up experience will be the ending of lives without the consent of the people through the human negligence and abuse of the law. Legalization of the assisted suicide will have the high number in compromising of the family as well as the intergenerational commitments. The legal issue that will follow out is the controversial about the delivery of human equality and dignity before the state law (Cassel, 7). It, therefore, comes with some concerns with the consideration of assisted suicide as legal.

The assisted suicide comes with ethical concern such that the doctors are defined with eh role of doing no harm. How ideal is it for the doctor to facilitate the ending of life. However, the law sees differently such that old aged human have right to die with dignity and peaceful and this can get done with the assistance of doctors. It sounds moral, right and caring for a compassionate medical practitioner to provide patient with necessary prescription that will enable the patient to die with dignity. This is not such controversial to the principle that is paramount that states that doctors have the duty of relieving suffering. It actually depends with the state law since participation in suicide is taken as murder unless the ending of life is done professionally as defined by the common law. Otherwise, prosecution should take its direction.

Assisted suicide may come up on a genuine basis although at times remain to have some hidden meaning. The issue of assisted suicide should be taken within the given range and it should get considered only acceptable within a given scope of execution. It is ethical to observe the rights of the human and the respecting of other opinions that seems to reduce suffering to their lives. Thus, assisted suicide should only be legal under special circumstances.

The Importance of Continuous Learning in Web Development at AchieversIT: Beyond the Course

Introduction: In the fast-paced realm of web development, continuous learning is not just a desirable trait – it’s a necessity. At AchieversIT, we recognize that the journey of learning extends far beyond the confines of a structured course curriculum. In this article, we delve into the significance of continuous learning in web development and how AchieversIT fosters a culture of lifelong learning to empower developers to stay ahead in their careers.

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Conclusion: At AchieversIT, we believe that learning is a lifelong journey, and our commitment to continuous learning extends far beyond the duration of a course. By embracing a culture of curiosity, adaptability, and growth mindset, developers can thrive in the dynamic field of web development. Through our comprehensive resources, supportive community, and dedication to excellence, AchieversIT empowers developers to chart their path to success and realize their full potential in the ever-evolving world of technology.